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A MANUAL OF PRACTICE FOR THE DESIGN OF PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TOWN OF NORMAL, ILLINOIS
Adopted by the President and Board of Trustees for the Town of Normal, Illinois by Ordinance on May 21, 1990
PREPARED BY THE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
Michael A. Hall, P.E., Director
UPDATE LOG
For this manual to be effective it is necessary that it be kept current. From time to time corrections will be incorporated into the appropriate sections of the manual. The Town does offer an automatic email update notification service. To sign up for this service please email a request to wbriggs@normal.org.
If in using this manual you find items that should be added, deleted or corrected, please submit a request of the desired modification to the Town of Normal, Public Works Department, Division of Engineering, 100 E. Phoenix Ave., Normal, IL 61761 or email gbrown@normal.org. Your request will come before the Manual Committee for review.
ISSUE DATE SUBJECT
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| April 19, 1993 | sump pump drainage systems and grading plan record drawing |
| October 17, 1994 | disallow the use of PVC pipe for public water mains |
| April 1, 1996 | cost determination formula for the Town’s obligation toward over-sizing of public water main |
| June 1, 1998 | major revisions to all chapters replacing entire manual |
| October 21, 2002 | addition of Chapter 15 Traditional Neighborhood District (TND) Design Criteria |
| May 3, 2004 | periodic update to various chapters throughout the manual |
| April 17, 2006 | Ordinance No. 5068 |
| April 21, 2008 | Ordinance No. 5192 |
Table of Contents
1.01 Introduction
1.02 Definition of Terms
1.03 Scope
1.04 Pre-design Conference
1.05 Plan Preparation Requirements
1.06 Specification Requirements
1.07 Design Computation Requirements
1.08 Estimate Requirements
1.09 Other Permit Applications and Approvals
1.10 Document Submission and Processing
1.11 Approval Period
1.12 Guarantee by Developer
1.13 Plan Review, Inspection & Testing Fees
1.14 Revisions to Approved Plans and Specifications
1.15 Installation & Inspection Procedures
1.16 Record Drawings
1.17 Project Completion and Initial Acceptance
1.18 Waiver for Manual Requirements
1.19 Electronic Drafting File Standards
2.01 Introduction
2.02 Specifications and Special Provisions
2.03 Standard Details
3.01 Introduction
3.02 Subdivision Principles of Planning
3.03 Layout and Design Requirements for Proposed Lots of Record and Out-lots
4.01 Introduction
4.02 General Requirements
4.03 Right-of-Way Dedication
4.04 Design Standards
4.05 Specifications and Special Provisions
4.06 Standard Details
5.01 Introduction
5.02 Design Standards
5.03 Right-of-way Dedication
5.04 Schedule of Installation
5.05 Specifications and Special Provisions
5.06 Standard Details
6.01 Introduction
6.02 Design Standards
6.03 Design Calculations Requirements
6.04 Right-of-way & Easement Dedications
6.05 Town’s Participation in Cost
6.06 Specifications and Special Provisions
6.07 Standard Details
7.01 Introduction
7.02 General Requirements
7.03 Design Standards
7.04 Easement and Right-of-Way Dedication
7.05 Town’s Participation in Cost
7.06 Specifications and Special Provisions
7.07 Standard Details
8.02 General Requirements
8.03 Design Standards
8.04 Right-of-way and Easement Dedications
8.05 Town’s Participation in Cost
8.06 Service Connection Fee Schedule
8.07 Specifications and Special Provisions
8.08 Standard Details
9.02 Design Standards
9.03 Right-of-way and Easement Dedications
9.04 Specifications and Special Provisions
10.01 Introduction
10.02 Right-of-way Dedication
10.03 Design Standards
10.04 Town’s Participation in Cost
10.05 Specifications & Special Provisions
11.01 Introduction
11.02 Right-of-way Dedication
11.03 Design Standards
12.01 Introduction
12.02 Easement and Right-of-way Dedication
12.03 Design Standards
12.04 Specifications & Special Provisions
13.01 Introduction
13.02 Applicability
13.03 Design Standards
13.04 Erosion, Sediment and Temporary Storm Water Control
13.05 Temporary Ground Surface
13.06 Permanent Ground Surface
14.01 Introduction
14.02 Neighborhood Park Standards
14.03 Improvement Standards and Specifications
14.04 Maintenance Standards
15.01 Introduction
15.02 Development Criteria
15.03 Civic Design Criteria
15.04 Street and Streetscape Design Character
15.05 (Reserved)
15.06 Open Space Design Criteria
15.07 Landscape Design Criteria
15.08 (Reserved)
15.09 Site Development Design Criteria
This page last modified 07/09/09.
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CHAPTER 15 - Traditional Neighborhood District
(TND) Design Criteria
15.01 Introduction
15.02 Development Criteria
15.03 Civic Design Criteria
15.04 Street and Streetscape Design Character
15.05 (Reserved)
15.06 Open Space Design Criteria
15.07 Landscape Design Criteria
15.08 (Reserved)
15.09 Site Development Design Criteria
http://www.normal.org/code/manualofpractice/index.asp
15.01 INTRODUCTION
- Purpose of TND Design Criteria
The design criteria within this chapter contains the administrative rules for a Traditional Neighborhood District (TND) and includes supplemental information and illustrations on the standards for planning, civic design criteria, streets and streetscapes, open space, location of utilities, drainage, and landscaping.
The standards established in this criteria manual should be used by the private sector in planning and designing a TND. These standards will guide the review and approval of the TND preliminary and final development plans, construction plans, site plans, and final plats.
- Applicability of Other Design Standards
All of the design criteria in the other chapters of this manual apply to development within a TND except as otherwise provided by Division 18 of Chapter 15 (Zoning) and Chapter 16 (Subdivision) of the Municipal Code or by this chapter.
15.02 DEVELOPMENT CRITERIA
- Summary
A Traditional Neighborhood District has specific development characteristics that result in a compact, mixed-use, pedestrian oriented community. This section describes those characteristics and illustrates development patterns that may produce those characteristics.
- Neighborhood Size
TND neighborhoods are limited in size to encourage pedestrian activity. The optimal size of a neighborhood is 1/4 to 1/3 of a mile from center to its edge, a distance equal to a 5 to 10 minute walk at an easy pace. Its limited area gathers the population within walking distance of many of its daily needs.
- Street Pattern and Multi-modal Transportation System
Streets in a Traditional Neighborhood District are designed to accommodate the needs of all modes of transportation. The neighborhood consists of an interconnected network of local streets. An interconnected street pattern with smaller blocks provides multiple routes, diffusing automobile traffic and shortening walking distances. This pattern keeps local traffic off arterial roads and through traffic off local streets. Neighborhood streets of varying types are designed to provide equitably for pedestrian comfort and automobile movement. Slowing the automobile and increasing pedestrian activity encourages the casual meetings that form the bonds of community.
- Mix of Land Uses and Diversity of Housing Types
A TND is structured to provide a balanced mix of residences, shops, workplaces, civic uses, and recreation within the neighborhood. The integration of multiple land uses allows residents to meet more of their daily needs through shorter trips.
A variety of housing is provided in a TND. This includes single-family residential, duplex, town-homes, condominiums, and apartments. With a variety of housing types, the needs of varied age and income groups are more easily accommodated within a TND, and a greater diversity of residents is encouraged.
- Open Space
Formal and informal open space is located throughout a TND. The design of the neighborhood gives priority to open space. These spaces enhance community activity, identity, and civic pride. The neighborhood plan creates a hierarchy of useful open spaces: a formal square in the Neighborhood Center, parks and playgrounds throughout the neighborhood, and streets that promote walking and encourage informal meetings.
- Civic Buildings and Landmarks
Important civic buildings that are open to the public should be located on prominent sites throughout a TND. These uses, including government offices, libraries, museums, schools, and churches, serve as focal points and landmarks for the community.
 
- Location of Buildings and Relationship Between Building Types
The private building is used to form a distinct street edge and define the border between the public space of the street and the private space of the individual lot. This helps to promote active streets, provides visual interest to the pedestrian in commercial areas, and encourages informal encounters between neighbors in residential areas.
The integration of varied land uses within a TND requires a common architectural vocabulary, The consistent use of compatible urban design and architectural elements helps to relate individual structures to other structures resulting in a coherent overall development pattern and streetscape.
- TND Development Patterns
Design of a Traditional Neighborhood District
This section contains examples of typical TND development patterns
(Too much curve in the streets in this figure)
A Group of Traditional Neighborhood Districts
A Neighborhood Center Area
A Mixed Residential Area
 
A Workshop Area or Employment Center
A Town Center within a Group of Traditional Neighborhood Districts
 
15.03 Civic Design Criteria
Section 3 describes the objectives of the TND and provides illustrated guidelines for each objective. These guidelines must be used in formulating the civic design standards for a Traditional Neighborhood District. Considerations for the formation of optional architectural standards as part of any project covenants, conditions and restrictions are also described in Section 3.
Objective 1: Civic design Compatibility
Guideline A: A building must/should incorporate architectural styles, building materials, and colors used in surrounding buildings.
Guideline B: A building greater than one story should/shall clearly delineate the boundary between each floor of the structure through belt courses, cornice lines, or similar architectural detailing.
Guideline C: Attached buildings within the same block must/should maintain consistent cornice lines in buildings of the same height within multi-family, townhome, non-residential, or mixed use structures.
Guideline D: In Mixed Residential Areas, rooflines must/should be pitched or gabled (unless otherwise approved by the ___.) Overhanging eaves must be provided to the greatest extent possible.
Guideline E: Signs are limited to wall, awning, or hanging signs
 
Objective 2: Human Scale Civic Design
Guideline A: Doorways, windows, and other openings in the facade of a building should/shall be proportioned to reflect pedestrian scale and movement, and to encourage interest at the street level.
Guideline B: A building shall/should avoid long, monotonous, uninterrupted walls or roof planes. The facade of a building should be divided into distinct modules no longer than 100 feet.
 
Objective 3: Integration of Uses
Guideline A: A building that is located on the periphery of the Neighborhood Center should/shall generally not exceed twice the height and massing of adjacent structures in the Mixed Residential Area.
 
Guideline B: A commercial or mixed-use building that is located within the Mixed Residential Area must/may integrate its appearance with the area and generally must/may not exceed twice the height and massing, of adjacent structures.
Guideline C: The finished floor elevation of a townhome should/shall be a minimum 18 inches above sidewalk elevation to insure privacy for the occupants of the dwelling.
Objective 4: Encouragement of Pedestrian Activity
Guideline A: A parking lot must be located to the rear or side of the structure. If located at the side of the structure, the parking must be screened through the use of solid streetwalls or landscaping. Streetwalls should not exceed 4 feet in height.
Guideline B: Awnings, covered walkways, open colonnades, or similar weather protection may/must be provided by commercial structures.
 
Guideline C: A commercial use must/should provide a minimum 50 percent of the front facade on the ground floor as clear or lightly tinted windows, doors, or other treatments sufficiently transparent to provide views into the interior of buildings.
Guideline D: A residential structure with a front setback of 5 to 15 feet, must/should provide a front porch or stoop on the front facade of the structure. Minimum width of a porch is 4 feet.
 
Guideline E: Rear access from an alley, where provided, is required. If driveway access is provided from the street, the garage or carport may not face the street, unless it is located a minimum 20 feet behind the front facade of the principal structure.
 
 
Objective 5: Buildings that relate to and are oriented toward the street and surrounding buildings.
Guideline A: The structure must/should be located at the required setback line.
 
Guideline B: The main entrance of a structure must/should face the street and be clearly articulated through the use of architectural detailing.
 
Guideline C: Windows and doors on the front facade of a building should create lines of sight between the building and the street.
Objective 6: Residential scale buildings in Mixed Residential Area.
Guideline A: The height and massing of a building should not be/are not more than twice the height and massing of structures adjacent to, or across the street.
Objective 7: Buildings that contain special architectural features to signify entrances to the Neighborhood Center Area and important street intersections.
Guideline A: A building at an entrance to a Traditional Neighborhood District, an entrance to the Neighborhood Center, or an intersection of a main street or other significant intersection should use special architectural features to emphasize the importance of the location. Special architectural features include comer towers, cupolas, clock towers, spires, balconies, colonnades, or other similar architectural features.
Objective 8: Neighborhood Center Area buildings that focus activity on the neighborhood square.
Guideline A: Structures that are located on, or adjacent to a Neighborhood Square shall/should be a minimum of 2 stories.
Optional Architectural Standards
Developers may establish architectural standards for inclusion in the convenants, conditions, and restrictions developed as part of a homeowner's association for a TND. If architectural standards are developed, the developer should consider establishing an architectural review committee as part of a homeowner's association. This committee could guide future implementation and maintenance of the architectural standards in the TND. While local governments will not utilize these standards as part of the project review, the standards shall be recorded at the time of the final plat to ensure understanding and compliance of future property owners. Any architectural standards developed for a TND should consider the following:
- Permit varied, yet complimentary architectural design that promotes the integration and compatibility of land uses and building uses within a TND.
- Insure the design of buildings that provide human scale.
- Establish the importance of shared space, such as streets, streetscapes, squares, plazas, and connective open space through building location, orientation, massing and architectural design
- Architectural Character / Style(s)
- Regional or Vernacular Architectural Elements
All Buildings
- Building Materials and Exterior Finishes
- Exterior Colors
- Rooflines and Materials
- Height and Massing
- Guidelines for Architectural Compatibility
Commercial or Mixed Use Buildings:
- Proportions of Doorways, Windows and Other Openings
- Front and Comer Facade Treatments
- Awnings and Covered Walkways
- Architectural Elements to Insure Compatibility with Residential Uses
- Special Architectural Features for Important Sites
- Lighting
Residential Buildings:
- Front Porches or Stoops
- Articulation of Main Entry
- Common Architectural Elements for Various Residential Uses
Open Space Character:
- Architectural/Development Standards
- Landscape Standards
Streetscape Character:
- Streetscape Character
- Landscape Standards
- Plant List
Standards for Optional Workshop or Employment Center
Standards for Variance Items
15.04 Street and Streetscape Design Character
- TND Street Character
In a Traditional Neighborhood District, streets and streetscapes serve multiple purposes. These include movement of automotive traffic and transit vehicles, pedestrian and bicycle pathways, areas for public interaction, and areas for placement of street trees and landscaping.
Streets are designed to balance the needs of all users, and streetscape design is critical to this balance. The streetscape consists of sidewalks and amenities such as street trees and street furniture. Street widths are reduced to slow traffic and the network of interconnected streets disperses traffic and promotes efficient movement for all modes of transportation. Pedestrian activity is encouraged by providing wide sidewalks, on-street parking, and an appealing streetscape.
The street standards used within the different areas of a TND may vary depending on the proposed function of the roadway, the anticipated land use, the anticipated traffic load, and the desired character of the surrounding area. Special consideration should be given to street layout to minimize through traffic and the potential for inappropriate vehicle speeds. Recommended designs include limiting the length of through streets, introduction of a rotary or traffic circle, shifting of the street network through the use of T -intersections, or other similar techniques.
The following sections provide classifications, definitions, and illustrations of street and streetscape standards. Additional innovative street types may be permitted within a TND if approved by the Town Council.
- TND Street Classifications and Streetscape Sections
Neighborhood Center Boulevard
A Neighborhood Center Boulevard is a thoroughfare providing long distance connections between the Neighborhood Center and the periphery of the TND. The boulevard is divided by a median planted with trees along its length. Adjacent land uses include retail, commercial, mixed-use, and multi-family residential.
Transit Stop: If transit service is provided, no parking zones shall be designated for a minimum 50 feet adjacent to all transit stops to allow for loading and unloading passengers.
| Typical ADT Range | greater than 3,000 |
| Design Speed | 30 mph |
| General Length | 1 mile or less |
| Minimum Curb Basis | 13 feet |
| Right-of-way width | 74 feet |
| Paving | 2 lanes @ 20 feet, 6-10’ median |
| Parking | 2 sides |
| Minimum Corner Radius | 25 feet |
(drawings below do not reflect dimensions above)
Neighborhood Center Street
A Neighborhood Center Street is a primary commercial/retail street within a Neighborhood Center. This street is the commercial spine for the TND and must be designed to encourage pedestrian activity. Adjacent land uses include retail, commercial, and mixed-use.
Transit Stop: If transit service is provided, no parking zones shall be designated for a minimum 50 feet adjacent to all transit stops to allow for loading and offloading passengers.
| Typical ADT Range | greater than 2,000 |
| Design Speed | 30 mph |
| General Length | less than ½ mile |
| Minimum Curb Basis | 13 feet |
| Right-of-way width | 64 feet |
| Paving | 38 feet |
| Parking | 2 sides |
| Minimum Corner Radius | 25 feet |
Neighborhood Center Alley
A Neighborhood Center alley is a narrow route providing business and residential access in the Neighborhood Center. Loading areas, trash collection, utility location, and access to parking lots are accommodated by the alley.
| Typical ADT Range | 300-600 |
| Design Speed | 10 mph |
| General Length | less than 600 feet |
| Minimum Curb Basis | 2.5 feet |
| Right-of-way width | 25 feet |
| Paving | 20 feet |
| Parking | not permitted |
| Minimum Corner Radius | 25 feet |
Mixed Residential Boulevard
A Mixed Residential Boulevard is a thoroughfare providing long distance connections between a Mixed Residential area and the periphery of a TND. A boulevard is divided by a median planted with trees along its length. Adjacent land uses include primarily multi-family residential, townhouse, condominium, and commercial at limited comer locations.
Transit Stop: If transit service is provided, no parking zones shall be designated for a minimum 50 feet adjacent to all transit stops to allow for loading and unloading passengers.
| Typical ADT Range | greater than 2,500 |
| Design Speed | 30 mph |
| General Length | less than 1 mile |
| Minimum Curb Basis | 10 feet |
| Right-of-way width | 68 feet |
| Paving | 2 lanes @ 20 feet, 8’ median |
| Parking | 2 sides |
| Minimum Comer Radius | 20 feet |
(drawings below do not reflect dimensions above)
Mixed Residential Street
A Mixed Residential Street is a short thoroughfare that connects important locations within a Mixed Residential area. Adjacent land uses include multi-family residential, townhouse, condominium, commercial at limited corner locations, and single-family residential.
| Typical ADT Range | 1000-2000 |
| Design Speed | 30 mph |
| General Length | less than ½ mile |
| Minimum Curb Basis | 11 feet |
| Right-of-way width | 56 feet |
| Paving | 36 feet |
| Parking | 2 sides |
| Minimum Comer Radius | 20 feet |
(drawings below do not reflect dimensions above)
Mixed Residential Lane
A Mixed Residential Lane is a small scale, low speed roadway serving primarily single-family residential land uses.
| Typical ADT Range | less than 500 |
| Design Speed | 30 mph |
| General Length | less than ¼ mile |
| Minimum Curb Basis | 10 feet |
| Right-of-way width | 50 feet |
| Paving | 30 feet |
| Parking | 2 sides |
| Minimum Comer Radius | 20 feet |
(drawings below do not reflect dimensions above)
Residential Alley
A Residential alley is a narrow route providing rear access to single-family residential, multi-family, townhouse, condominium, and commercial uses within the Residential area Trash collection, utility location, and access to parking are accommodated by the alley.
| Typical ADT Range | 300-600 |
| Design Speed | 10 mph |
| General Length | less than 600 feet |
| Minimum Curb Basis | 2 feet |
| Right-of-way width | 20 feet |
| Paving | 16 feet |
| Parking | not permitted |
| Minimum Corner Radius | 20 feet |
Note: minimum rear setback at structure shall be 8 feet
Mixed Residential Courtyard
A Mixed Residential Courtyard is intended for areas where alleys are not feasible or appropriate, shall not exceed a maximum length of 150 feet and be limited to one-way circulation. Use of the Mixed Residential Courtyard requires approval of the Town Council.
| Typical ADT Range | less than 200 |
| Design Speed | 10 mph |
| General Length | 150 feet maximum |
| Minimum Curb Basis | 2 feet |
| Right-of-way width | 65 feet |
| Paving | 20 feet approach; 18 feet aisle |
| Parking | 1 side at designated spaces only |
Note: shared driveway approaches are not permitted, standard turning radii shall be used to accommodate safety and service vehicles and snow plows and minimum rear setback at structure shall be 8 feet.
Rotary
A Rotary is intended as a traffic control device to minimize higher speed through traffic. A rotary may be used in a neighborhood center or a mixed residential area. The Rotary should not be used for streets with higher traffic volumes.
| Typical ADT Range | less than 1000 |
| General Length | N/A |
| Minimum Curb Basis | 4-10 feet |
| Right-of-way width | varies |
| Paving | 22 feet |
| Parking | not permitted |
| Outside Radius | 60 feet minimum to curb face |
(drawing below does not reflect dimensions above)
Pedestrian Path
A Pedestrian path is designed to provide safe, convenient routes for pedestrians. A pedestrian path is required for a block over 800 feet in length and is encouraged throughout the TND. A pedestrian path should provide efficient connections to other paths or walkways and should be designed to maximize visibility and security.
| Path Right-of-Way Width | 25 feet (not less than 20 feet) |
| Path Paving Width | 10 feet minimum |
| General Length | N/A |
- Employment Center and Workshop Streets
TND Street Types
The following may be used within the Employment Center and Workshop Optional Areas:
- Neighborhood Center Boulevard
- Neighborhood Center Main Street
- Neighborhood Center Alley
- Mixed Residential Boulevard
- Mixed Residential Street
- Rotary
4.4 Neighborhood Edge Streets
4.4.1 TND Street Types
The following may be used within the Neighborhood Edge Area:
- Mixed Residential Street
- Mixed Residential Alley
- Mixed Residential Courtyard
- Rotary
4.5 Location of Transit Facilities and Definitions
Major facilities such as Transit Centers, Park and Ride Centers, or Transportation Terminals should be located in or adjacent to activity centers such as the Neighborhood Center, Employment Center, Workshop Area, or along major roadways adjacent to the Traditional Neighborhood District. Major Transit Facilities should avoid locations which directly impact low density residential areas.
For the purposes of transit planning within a TND the following definitions shall apply:
4.5.1 Transit Stop
A location where passengers board and alight. Bus stops can serve one or more routes and
include various levels of amenities depending on the level of actual or anticipated ridership. Amenities can include: bus stop sign pole, benches, trash receptacles, shelters and lighting. Bus stops can be placed within the public right-of-way or on private property depending on service needs and passenger comfort.
4.5.2 Transfer Center
A facility where two or more routes meet, located with on-street amenities (within R.O. W. such as shelters, tum-in area, etc.). This facility is essentially a bus stop but may include expanded amenities due to high ridership and transferring at a particular site. Ideal settings are located near smaller residential, business, or mixed-use neighborhood core areas where no layover activity is required.
4.5.3 Transit Center
An off-street facility serving four or more routes allowing for improved connections between routes, appropriate passenger amenities, and layover area. The center may accommodate a
limited number of parking spaces to encourage ridership on local, express, or flyer services. Ideal setting is located adjacent to a mix of land uses and next to major arterial roadways. The design
of the facility should seek to blend into the surrounding area and look for opportunities for joint uses.
4.6 Transportation Criteria Manual
4.6.1 Land Subdivision Code and Manual of Practice... (LSC/MOP)
The (LSC/MOP) applies to the design of and development within a Traditional Neighborhood
District, except as otherwise provided in this Traditional Neighborhood Criteria Manual. The following sections describe alternative transportation criteria which apply in a Traditional Neighborhood District.
4.6.2 Section I, Street Design Criteria of the TCM
These criteria are modified for application in a Traditional Neighborhood District, as follows:
a. (LSC/MOP) Section .All other streets within a Mixed Residential area should have a
curb radius of 20 feet. Curb radius at all alleys is 20 feet.
b. (LSC/MOP) Section ., Minimum Centerline Offset of Adjacent Intersection: T -type intersections shall be offset at least 150 feet.
c. (LSC/MOP) Section Median Design at Intersections: A minimum 50 foot control radius is required in a Traditional Neighborhood District.
4.6.3 Traffic Impact Analysis (TIA)
A TIA shall meet the requirements of Section ____ of the Land Subdivision Code.
4.6.4 Section 4, Sidewalks and Curb Ramps of the (LSC/MOP)
These criteria are modified for application in a Traditional Neighborhood District, as follows:
a. (LSC/MOP) Section ___, General Requirements: Sidewalk alignments shall conform
to the streetscape designs shown in this criteria manual.
4.6.6 Section 6, Clear Zones And Guard Zones of the TCM
These criteria are modified for application in a Traditional Neighborhood District, as follows:
a. (LSC/MOP) Section, Longitudinal Landscaping Placement Requirements: All plantings,
except ground cover s with no more than twelve inches in height, shall be located greater than 50 feet from the end of the median nose.
15.06 Open Space Design Criteria
- Open Space Character
Open space is one of the central organizing features within a Traditional Neighborhood District. Open space is distributed throughout the neighborhood and is accessible to all residents. The basic hierarchy of open space includes formal types such as squares, plazas, and greens, less formal parks, and least formal greenbelts and preserves.
In addition to meeting the recreational needs of residents, open space provides a structure that organizes and defines the neighborhood. It provides gathering places and opportunities for interaction within the community. Generally, open space is not fenced except for major private open space improvements. This section provides explanations of the various types of open space and illustrations of typical configurations.
- TND Open Space Definitions and Requirements
- Green
Green means an open space available for unstructured recreation, its landscaping consisting of grassy areas and trees. A Green should be designed for passive and unstructured active recreation. Improvements to the green may consist of paths, benches, landscaping, and other improvements.
- Greenbelt
Greenbelt means a series of connected open space that follow natural features such as ravines, creeks or streams. A Greenbelt is usually a combination of natural vegetation and landscaped or regularly maintained areas. Ideally, a greenbelt will provide pedestrian and bicycle connections to other open spaces in a larger open space system or to destinations such as schools, libraries, and neighborhood commercial areas. Perimeter roads along one or both sides of a greenbelt are encouraged for several reasons: 1) a roadway provides almost unlimited access as it parallels a greenbelt; 2) a roadway provides public observation of activities within a greenbelt, making it a safer place; 3) a greenbelt provides the motorist with an aesthetic contrast to the built environment. If access to a greenbelt is not continuous, then frequent access points should be provided as described in the following sections. Greenbelt width requirements are intended to promote a sense of openness and avoid a sense of enclosure.
- Park
Park means an open space, available for recreation, its landscape consisting of paved paths and trails, open lawn, trees, open shelters, or recreational facilities. Facilities may range from simple picnic tables, benches, or a playground in a small park, to a recreation center, swimming pool, or sport field in a larger park. Other facilities may include playgrounds, shelters, sport courts, drinking fountains, parking lots, or restrooms. Park grounds are usually grassy and maintained on a regular basis for recreational activity, but may include some natural, or formally landscaped areas.
- Plaza
Plaza means open space usually at the intersection of important streets, set aside for civic purposes and commercial activity, including parking, its landscape consisting of durable pavement and formal tree plantings. A Plaza is usually bordered by civic or private buildings. Plazas may range from very active places with adjacent complimentary uses such as restaurants and cafes, to quiet areas with only seating, formal landscape plantings, and amenities such as fountains or public art.
 
- Preserve
Preserve means open space that preserves or protects endangered species, a critical environmental feature, or, other natural feature. Access to a Preserve may be controlled to limit impacts on the environment. Development of the Preserve is generally limited to trails, educational signs, and similar improvements.
- Square
Square means open space that may encompass an entire block, is located at the intersection of important streets, and is set aside for civic purposes, with landscape consisting of paved walks, lawns, trees, and civic buildings. A Square is bordered by streets and may have Major Civic uses located on or adjacent to the Square. The Neighborhood Square is intended as a central place for the community and should accommodate a wide variety of formal and informal gatherings.
- Access Standards for Greenbelts
For greenbelts located behind dwellings, the following access requirements shall apply. Access points to the greenbelt shall be located at intervals of not more than one-fourth mile, be a minimum width of 25 feet, and not exceed the depth of adjacent lots or 100 feet, whichever is greater.
When development is adjacent to a greenbelt and fencing is provided between the development and the greenbelt, fencing shall be of an open design to promote visibility and security.
15.07 Landscape Design Criteria
- TND Landscape Character
This section provides criteria for the spacing and location of street and median trees.
Due to the more urban character of a TND, the area available for landscaping of individual lots is in many cases limited. For example, if a building is located at the front property line in the Neighborhood Center, there is no front street yard (one of the current criteria for defining landscape requirements). In a TND, landscaping is provided in the form of street trees, and landscaped open space such as squares, parks and plazas. Landscaping is required for large street yards and parking lots.
- TND Landscape Criteria and Illustrations
- Location and Spacing of Street Trees
In a Mixed Residential Area, trees shall be planted along all streets except mixed residential side streets. Street trees shall be located in the planting strip or planter within the street right-of-way, spaced a maximum 30 feet on center. Spacing may be varied to minimize conflicts with utility meters. Exact spacing is evaluated on a site-specific basis.
In a Neighborhood Center, street trees shall be planted on all streets with a maximum spacing of 30 feet on center. In areas of concentrated retail activity, such as a Neighborhood Center Main Street, street trees may be grouped to minimize obstruction of views to retail uses.
Street trees must be a minimum 1.5-1.75-inch caliper, Class I shade trees. Additional species may be used with the approval of the City ___ .No more than 40 percent of the street trees shall be of one specie. Care should be taken in selecting street trees to avoid specie which suffer from limb drop, heavy fruit or nut crops, invasive root systems, or allergen production In locations where healthy and mature shade trees currently exist, the requirements for new trees may be waived or modified.
The location and spacing of street trees may be modified with the approval of the ____.
- Median Trees and Landscaping
On a Mixed Residential or Neighborhood Center Boulevard, median trees and landscaping are required. Median trees should be a minimum 1 1/2 inch caliper, spaced 20 feet on center. Ornamental species are preferred. Medians may also contain shrubs and plant groundcover. The location and spacing of median trees may be modified with the approval of the Director.
- Installation of Streetscape Landscaping
Streetscape landscaping shall be shown on subdivision construction plans and installed when the subdivision infrastructure is constructed. A phasing plan for installation of landscape materials may be proposed at the time of final plat if approved by the ___.
Trees will be bonded and need to be flourishing at the time of acceptance and for one year after (to the end of the guarantee period).
15.09 Site Development Design Criteria
TND Typical Lots
All of the drawings in this section are not consistent with the provisions in the Code (primary differences are rear setbacks and utility placements.)
The following section contains typical lot illustrations showing minimum lot sizes, setbacks, maximum building cover, maximum impervious cover, easements, and possible building locations. The typical lots are intended to clarify and illustrate the site development standards found in the Traditional Neighborhood District Ordinance.
- Neighborhood Center Type Lots
Neighborhood Center Townhouse Lot
Neighborhood Center Commercial/Multi-family Lot
Neighborhood Center Civic Lot
- Mixed Residential Type Lots
Mixed Residential Single-family Lot
Mixed Residential Side Yard Lot
Mixed Residential Townhouse Lot
Mixed Residential Multi-family Lot
Mixed Residential Commercial Lot
Mixed Residential Civic Lot
This page last modified 07/09/09.
http://www.normal.org/code/manualofpractice/Ch15.asp
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